Global Cast Iron Sluice Market Growth 2021-2027
According to this latest study, the 2021 growth of Cast Iron Sluice will have significant change from previous year. By the most conservative estimates of global Cast Iron Sluice market size (most likely outcome) will be a year-over-year revenue growth rate of % in 2021, from US$ million in 2020. Over the next five years the Cast Iron Sluice market will register a % CAGR in terms of revenue, the global market size will reach US$ million by 2027.
This report presents a comprehensive overview, market shares, and growth opportunities of Cast Iron Sluice market by product type, application, key manufacturers and key regions and countries.
Segmentation by type: breakdown data from 2016 to 2021, in Section 2.3; and forecast to 2027 in section 11.7.
Manual Type
Electric Type
Pneumatic Type
Segmentation by application: breakdown data from 2016 to 2021, in Section 2.4; and forecast to 2027 in section 11.8.
Power Plant
Dam
Others
This report also splits the market by region: Breakdown data in Chapter 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8.
Americas
United States
Canada
Mexico
Brazil
APAC
China
Japan
Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Australia
Europe
Germany
France
UK
Italy
Russia
Middle East & Africa
Egypt
South Africa
Israel
Turkey
GCC Countries
The report also presents the market competition landscape and a corresponding detailed analysis of the major vendor/manufacturers in the market. The key manufacturers covered in this report: Breakdown data in Chapter 3.
Rodney Hunt
Waterman
Hydro Gate
Jash
Frequently Asked Questions
The base year for the study has been considered 2019, historic year 2014 and 2018, the forecast period considered is from 2020 to 2027. The regions analyzed for the market include North America, Europe, South America, Asia Pacific, and Middle East and Africa. These regions are further analyzed at the country-level. The study also includes attractiveness analysis of type, application and regions which are benchmarked based on their market size, growth rate and attractiveness in terms of present and future opportunity for understanding the future growth of the market.
Market is segmented on the basis:
- By Type
- By Application
- By Region
- By Country
- By Manufacturer
The report offers in-depth analysis of driving factors, opportunities, restraints, and challenges for gaining the key insight of the market. The report emphasizes on all the key trends that play a vital role in the enlargement of the market from 2019 to 2026.
The report provides company profile of the key players operating in the market and a comparative analysis based on their business overviews industry offering, segment market share, regional presence, business strategies, innovations, mergers & acquisitions, recent developments, joint venture, collaborations, partnerships, SWOT analysis, and key financial information.
1 Scope of the Report
1.1 Market Introduction
1.2 Years Considered
1.3 Research Objectives
1.4 Market Research Methodology
1.5 Research Process and Data Source
1.6 Economic Indicators
1.7 Currency Considered
2 Executive Summary
2.1 World Market Overview
2.1.1 Global Cast Iron Sluice Consumption 2016-2026
2.1.2 Cast Iron Sluice Consumption CAGR by Region
2.2 Cast Iron Sluice Segment by Type
2.2.1 Manual Type
2.2.2 Electric Type
2.2.3 Pneumatic Type
2.3 Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Type
2.3.1 Global Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
2.3.2 Global Cast Iron Sluice Revenue and Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
2.3.3 Global Cast Iron Sluice Sale Price by Type (2016-2021)
2.4 Cast Iron Sluice Segment by Application
2.4.1 Power Plant
2.4.2 Dam
2.4.3 Others
2.5 Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Application
2.5.1 Global Cast Iron Sluice Sale Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
2.5.2 Global Cast Iron Sluice Revenue and Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
2.5.3 Global Cast Iron Sluice Sale Price by Application (2016-2021)
3 Global Cast Iron Sluice by Company
3.1 Global Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Company
3.1.1 Global Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Company (2019-2021)
3.1.2 Global Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Company (2019-2021)
3.2 Global Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Market Share by Company
3.2.1 Global Cast Iron Sluice Revenue by Company (2019-2021)
3.2.2 Global Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Market Share by Company (2019-2021)
3.3 Global Cast Iron Sluice Sale Price by Company
3.4 Global Manufacturers Cast Iron Sluice Producing Area Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type
3.4.1 Key Manufacturers Cast Iron Sluice Product Location Distribution
3.4.2 Players Cast Iron Sluice Products Offered
3.5 Market Concentration Rate Analysis
3.5.1 Competition Landscape Analysis
3.5.2 Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2019-2021)
3.6 New Products and Potential Entrants
3.7 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
4 Cast Iron Sluice by Region
4.1 Global Cast Iron Sluice by Region
4.1.1 Global Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Region
4.1.2 Global Cast Iron Sluice Revenue by Region
4.2 Americas Cast Iron Sluice Sales Growth
4.3 APAC Cast Iron Sluice Sales Growth
4.4 Europe Cast Iron Sluice Sales Growth
4.5 Middle East & Africa Cast Iron Sluice Sales Growth
5 Americas
5.1 Americas Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Country
5.1.1 Americas Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Country (2016-2021)
5.1.2 Americas Cast Iron Sluice Revenue by Country (2016-2021)
5.2 Americas Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Type
5.3 Americas Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Application
5.4 United States
5.5 Canada
5.6 Mexico
5.7 Brazil
6 APAC
6.1 APAC Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Region
6.1.1 APAC Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Region (2016-2021)
6.1.2 APAC Cast Iron Sluice Revenue by Region (2016-2021)
6.2 APAC Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Type
6.3 APAC Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Application
6.4 China
6.5 Japan
6.6 Korea
6.7 Southeast Asia
6.8 India
6.9 Australia
7 Europe
7.1 Europe Cast Iron Sluice by Country
7.1.1 Europe Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Country (2016-2021)
7.1.2 Europe Cast Iron Sluice Revenue by Country (2016-2021)
7.2 Europe Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Type
7.3 Europe Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Application
7.4 Germany
7.5 France
7.6 UK
7.7 Italy
7.8 Russia
8 Middle East & Africa
8.1 Middle East & Africa Cast Iron Sluice by Country
8.1.1 Middle East & Africa Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Country (2016-2021)
8.1.2 Middle East & Africa Cast Iron Sluice Revenue by Country (2016-2021)
8.2 Middle East & Africa Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Type
8.3 Middle East & Africa Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Application
8.4 Egypt
8.5 South Africa
8.6 Israel
8.7 Turkey
8.8 GCC Country
9 Market Drivers, Challenges and Trends
9.1 Market Drivers and Impact
9.1.1 Growing Demand from Key Regions
9.1.2 Growing Demand from Key Applications and Potential Industries
9.2 Market Challenges and Impact
9.3 Market Trends
10 Marketing, Distributors and Customer
10.1 Sales Channel
10.1.1 Direct Channels
10.1.2 Indirect Channels
10.2 Cast Iron Sluice Distributors
10.3 Cast Iron Sluice Customer
11 Global Cast Iron Sluice Market Forecast
11.1 Global Cast Iron Sluice Forecast by Region
11.1.1 Global Cast Iron Sluice Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)
11.2.2 Global Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)
11.2 Americas Forecast by Country
11.3 APAC Forecast by Region
11.4 Europe Forecast by Country
11.5 Middle East & Africa Forecast by Country
11.6 Global Cast Iron Sluice Forecast by Type
11.7 Global Cast Iron Sluice Forecast by Application
12 Key Players Analysis
12.1 Rodney Hunt
12.1.1 Rodney Hunt Company Information
12.1.2 Rodney Hunt Cast Iron Sluice Product Offered
12.1.3 Rodney Hunt Cast Iron Sluice Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.1.4 Rodney Hunt Main Business Overview
12.1.5 Rodney Hunt Latest Developments
12.2 Waterman
12.2.1 Waterman Company Information
12.2.2 Waterman Cast Iron Sluice Product Offered
12.2.3 Waterman Cast Iron Sluice Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.2.4 Waterman Main Business Overview
12.2.5 Waterman Latest Developments
12.3 Hydro Gate
12.3.1 Hydro Gate Company Information
12.3.2 Hydro Gate Cast Iron Sluice Product Offered
12.3.3 Hydro Gate Cast Iron Sluice Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.3.4 Hydro Gate Main Business Overview
12.3.5 Hydro Gate Latest Developments
12.4 Jash
12.4.1 Jash Company Information
12.4.2 Jash Cast Iron Sluice Product Offered
12.4.3 Jash Cast Iron Sluice Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.4.4 Jash Main Business Overview
12.4.5 Jash Latest Developments
13 Research Findings and Conclusion
List of Tables
Table 1. Cast Iron Sluice Consumption CAGR by Region (2020-2026) & ($ Millions)
Table 2. Major Players of Manual Type
Table 3. Major Players of Electric Type
Table 4. Major Players of Pneumatic Type
Table 5. Global Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Type (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 6. Global Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 7. Global Cast Iron Sluice Revenue by Type (2016-2021) & ($ million)
Table 8. Global Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 9. Global Cast Iron Sluice Sale Price by Type (2016-2021)
Table 10. Global Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Application (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 11. Global Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Table 12. Global Cast Iron Sluice Value by Application (2016-2021)
Table 13. Global Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Table 14. Global Cast Iron Sluice Sale Price by Application (2016-2021)
Table 15. Global Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Company (2019-2021) & (K Units)
Table 16. Global Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Company (2019-2021)
Table 17. Global Cast Iron Sluice Revenue by Company (2019-2021) ($ Millions)
Table 18. Global Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Market Share by Company (2019-2021)
Table 19. Global Cast Iron Sluice Sale Price by Company (2019-2021)
Table 20. Key Manufacturers Cast Iron Sluice Producing Area Distribution and Sales Area
Table 21. Players Cast Iron Sluice Products Offered
Table 22. Cast Iron Sluice Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2019-2021)
Table 23. New Products and Potential Entrants
Table 24. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
Table 25. Global Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Region (2016-2021) (K Units)
Table 26. Global Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 27. Global Cast Iron Sluice Revenue by Region (2016-2021) & ($ Millions)
Table 28. Global Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 29. Americas Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Country (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 30. Americas Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 31. Americas Cast Iron Sluice Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & ($ Millions)
Table 32. Americas Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 33. Americas Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Type (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 34. Americas Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 35. Americas Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Application (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 36. Americas Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Table 37. APAC Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Region (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 38. APAC Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 39. APAC Cast Iron Sluice Revenue by Region (2016-2021) & ($ Millions)
Table 40. APAC Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 41. APAC Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Type (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 42. APAC Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 43. APAC Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Application (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 44. APAC Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Table 45. Europe Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Country (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 46. Europe Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 47. Europe Cast Iron Sluice Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & ($ Millions)
Table 48. Europe Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 49. Europe Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Type (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 50. Europe Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 51. Europe Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Application (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 52. Europe Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Table 53. Middle East & Africa Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Country (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 54. Middle East & Africa Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 55. Middle East & Africa Cast Iron Sluice Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & ($ Millions)
Table 56. Middle East & Africa Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 57. Middle East & Africa Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Type (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 58. Middle East & Africa Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 59. Middle East & Africa Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Application (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 60. Middle East & Africa Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Table 61. Key and Potential Regions of Cast Iron Sluice
Table 62. Key Application and Potential Industries of Cast Iron Sluice
Table 63. Key Challenges of Cast Iron Sluice
Table 64. Key Trends of Cast Iron Sluice
Table 65. Cast Iron Sluice Distributors List
Table 66. Cast Iron Sluice Customer List
Table 67. Global Cast Iron Sluice Sales Forecast by Region (2021-2026) & (K Units)
Table 68. Global Cast Iron Sluice Consumption Market Forecast by Region
Table 69. Global Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Forecast by Region (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 70. Global Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Market Share Forecast by Region (2021-2026)
Table 71. Americas Cast Iron Sluice Sales Forecast by Country (2021-2026) & (K Units)
Table 72. Americas Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Forecast by Country (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 73. APAC Cast Iron Sluice Sales Forecast by Region (2021-2026) & (K Units)
Table 74. APAC Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Forecast by Region (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 75. Europe Cast Iron Sluice Sales Forecast by Country (2021-2026) & (K Units)
Table 76. Europe Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Forecast by Country (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 77. Middle East & Africa Cast Iron Sluice Sales Forecast by Country (2021-2026) & (K Units)
Table 78. Middle East & Africa Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Forecast by Country (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 79. Global Cast Iron Sluice Sales Forecast by Type (2021-2026) & (K Units)
Table 80. Global Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
Table 81. Global Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Forecast by Type (2021-2026) & ($ Millions)
Table 82. Global Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
Table 83. Global Cast Iron Sluice Sales Forecast by Application (2021-2026) & (K Units)
Table 84. Global Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
Table 85. Global Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Forecast by Application (2021-2026) & ($ Millions)
Table 86. Global Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Market Share Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
Table 87. Rodney Hunt Basic Information, Cast Iron Sluice Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 88. Rodney Hunt Cast Iron Sluice Product Offered
Table 89. Rodney Hunt Cast Iron Sluice Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)
Table 90. Rodney Hunt Main Business
Table 91. Rodney Hunt Latest Developments
Table 92. Waterman Basic Information, Cast Iron Sluice Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 93. Waterman Cast Iron Sluice Product Offered
Table 94. Waterman Cast Iron Sluice Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)
Table 95. Waterman Main Business
Table 96. Waterman Latest Developments
Table 97. Hydro Gate Basic Information, Cast Iron Sluice Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 98. Hydro Gate Cast Iron Sluice Product Offered
Table 99. Hydro Gate Cast Iron Sluice Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)
Table 100. Hydro Gate Main Business
Table 101. Hydro Gate Latest Developments
Table 102. Jash Basic Information, Cast Iron Sluice Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 103. Jash Cast Iron Sluice Product Offered
Table 104. Jash Cast Iron Sluice Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)
Table 105. Jash Main Business
Table 106. Jash Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Picture of Cast Iron Sluice
Figure 2. Cast Iron Sluice Report Years Considered
Figure 3. Research Objectives
Figure 4. Research Methodology
Figure 5. Research Process and Data Source
Figure 6. Global Cast Iron Sluice Sales Growth Rate 2016-2026 (K Units)
Figure 7. Global Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2026 ($ Millions)
Figure 8. Cast Iron Sluice Sales by Region (2021 & 2026) & ($ millions)
Figure 9. Product Picture of Manual Type
Figure 10. Product Picture of Electric Type
Figure 11. Product Picture of Pneumatic Type
Figure 12. Global Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Type in 2020
Figure 13. Global Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Figure 14. Cast Iron Sluice Consumed in Power Plant
Figure 15. Global Cast Iron Sluice Market: Power Plant (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 16. Cast Iron Sluice Consumed in Dam
Figure 17. Global Cast Iron Sluice Market: Dam (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 18. Cast Iron Sluice Consumed in Others
Figure 19. Global Cast Iron Sluice Market: Others (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 20. Global Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Figure 21. Global Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure 22. Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Market by Company in 2020 ($ Million)
Figure 23. Global Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Market Share by Company in 2020
Figure 24. Global Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Regions (2016-2021)
Figure 25. Global Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Market Share by Region in 2020
Figure 26. Americas Cast Iron Sluice Sales 2016-2021 (K Units)
Figure 27. Americas Cast Iron Sluice Revenue 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 28. APAC Cast Iron Sluice Sales 2016-2021 (K Units)
Figure 29. APAC Cast Iron Sluice Revenue 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 30. Europe Cast Iron Sluice Sales 2016-2021 (K Units)
Figure 31. Europe Cast Iron Sluice Revenue 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 32. Middle East & Africa Cast Iron Sluice Sales 2016-2021 (K Units)
Figure 33. Middle East & Africa Cast Iron Sluice Revenue 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 34. Americas Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 35. Americas Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 36. Americas Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Type in 2020
Figure 37. Americas Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure 38. United States Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 39. Canada Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 40. Mexico Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 41. Brazil Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 42. APAC Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Region in 2020
Figure 43. APAC Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2020
Figure 44. APAC Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Type in 2020
Figure 45. APAC Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure 46. China Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 47. Japan Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 48. Korea Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 49. Southeast Asia Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 50. India Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 51. Australia Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 52. Europe Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 53. Europe Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 54. Europe Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Type in 2020
Figure 55. Europe Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure 56. Germany Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 57. France Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 58. UK Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 59. Italy Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 60. Russia Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 61. Middle East & Africa Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 62. Middle East & Africa Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 63. Middle East & Africa Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Type in 2020
Figure 64. Middle East & Africa Cast Iron Sluice Sales Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure 65. Egypt Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 66. South Africa Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 67. Israel Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 68. Turkey Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 69. GCC Country Cast Iron Sluice Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 70. Channels of Distribution
Figure 71. Distributors Profiles
